The United States Congress has released a report outlining recommendations for Nigeria as it grapples with persistent insecurity.
Framed as a strategic reset in US–Nigeria relations, the proposals call for a comprehensive bilateral agreement between Washington and Abuja focused on combating terrorism, protecting vulnerable communities, strengthening economic cooperation, and countering the growing influence of Russia and China in West Africa.
The recommendations, emerging from a joint position of the House Appropriations Committee and the House Foreign Affairs Committee and shared publicly by Congressman Riley Moore on 24 February, 2026, centre on what US lawmakers describe as a “once-in-a-generation opportunity for real change.”
At the heart of the proposal is a far-reaching security and economic pact. Congress urged President Bola Ahmed Tinubu to strike a bilateral agreement with the U.S. Government to protect vulnerable Christian communities from violent persecution, eliminate jihadist terror activity, deepen economic cooperation, and counter adversarial influence from the Chinese Communist Party and the Russian Federation.
Under the proposed framework, Nigeria would commit to co-funding humanitarian support for internally displaced persons in the Middle Belt, strengthen early-warning systems, deploy rapid-response security forces, and restore farmlands devastated by armed groups.
The committees also recommended expanded counterterrorism collaboration, divestment from Russian military hardware in favour of American defence systems, and the possible provision of excess US defence equipment.
Further measures include sanctions against perpetrators of religious violence, visa restrictions, tighter oversight of US aid disbursement, a Government Accountability Office audit of American assistance to Nigeria, and a National Intelligence Estimate on sectarian violence.
Lawmakers also encouraged deeper coordination with partners such as France, Hungary, and the United Kingdom, reforms to the Foreign Military Sales process, and strengthened U.S. diplomatic staffing in Nigeria.
Unsurprisingly, aspects of the report have drawn criticism from within Nigeria. Proposals touching on the abolition of Sharia law and a wholesale decoupling from Russia and China as security and economic partners have been met with resistance — and understandably so.
In certain passages, the tone of the recommendations echoes the language of a patron addressing a subordinate. Nigeria is a sovereign state, not a protectorate.
The characterization of Sharia law as inherently synonymous with persecution is particularly reductive. In several northern states, Sharia operates primarily in matters of personal and family law for Muslims, alongside Nigeria’s secular constitutional framework which applies to all citizens regardless of faith.
Its adoption in the early 2000s reflected the democratic will of Muslim-majority populations seeking to live in accordance with their religious convictions. To frame its existence as incompatible with modernity risks imposing a singular cultural lens on a plural society.
Yet, neocolonial anxieties should not blind us to strategic realities. Since 2009, terrorist groups such as Boko Haram have unleashed devastation across parts of Nigeria, displacing millions and crippling local economies.
While Russia and China have maintained defense and economic ties with Abuja, their engagement in Nigeria’s counterterrorism struggle has been comparatively restrained and generally unspirited.
Washington’s recent posture — though at times rhetorically abrasive — signals an unmistakable intentionality. In October 2025, the US designated Nigeria a Country of Particular Concern (CPC) over religious freedom issues.
What initially appeared to be diplomatic brinkmanship evolved into sustained engagement between U.S. lawmakers and Nigeria’s Office of the National Security Adviser under Mallam Nuhu Ribadu.
That engagement culminated in tangible cooperation, including US-assisted air operations against terrorist targets in Sokoto State on Christmas Day 2025, conducted with the authorisation of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu.
By early 2026, US military presence and security collaboration in Nigeria had expanded noticeably, reflecting a deepening operational partnership.
For the Tinubu administration, this moment presents both opportunity and peril. On one hand, enhanced US intelligence sharing, equipment transfers, and operational coordination could significantly degrade terrorist networks and stabilise vulnerable regions.
On the other, Nigeria’s longstanding foreign policy of nonalignment — and its growing economic ties with BRICS-aligned powers — requires careful calibration. China remains a critical infrastructure financier; Russia remains a defense partner; both are influential players in global energy and mineral markets that intersect with Nigeria’s long-term economic ambitions.
The task before President Tinubu is therefore not to choose sides in a new great-power contest, but to extract maximum strategic value from all partnerships without compromising Nigeria’s sovereignty or long-term interests.
Diplomacy, in this context, demands the agility of a fox and the steadiness of a statesman.
If Abuja can leverage Washington’s renewed attention to decisively weaken insurgent groups, restore agricultural productivity, and rebuild displaced communities — while simultaneously maintaining constructive ties with Moscow and Beijing — Nigeria could finally turn the tide against a decades-old conflict and secure its economic future with other emerging economies.
The US Congress report may have been framed in Washington. But whether it becomes a turning point in Nigeria’s security trajectory will ultimately depend on decisions made in Abuja.
Umar Farouk Bala is a political and foreign affairs analyst. He writes from Abuja and can be reached at: [email protected].